旅遊職業需求階梯模型（TCL）是Pearce（1988）在Maslow

旅遊職業需求階梯模型（TCL）是Pearce（1988）在Maslow（1970）的心理成長需求層次模型（Williams和McNeil，2011）的基礎上發展起來的，TCL模型是一個更全面的旅遊需求心理模型。TCL的模式是“emphasizes on the tourist’s patterns and motives rather than a single motive for travelling”（Williams and McNeil，2011，p3）.TCL將旅遊動機分為五個層次, from the lowest to the highest which are physiological needs, safety and security needs, relationship needs, self-esteem and development needs, fulfilment needs.此外，該模型還保留了馬斯洛的想法，即是為了滿足更高層次的階梯而實現階梯上的較低層次(Goeldner, Ritchie and Mclntosh, 2000).另外，TCL還強調旅行體驗的動機，這種動機上的靈活性和可變性會隨著時間和環境的變化而變化(Goeldner, Ritchie and Mclntosh, 2000)

結果 (英文) 1:

Tourism Vocational demand Ladder (TCL) is Pearce (1988) developed on the basis of Maslow (1970) psychological growth hierarchy of needs model (Williams and McNeil, 2011) on, TCL model is a more comprehensive travel needs mental models. TCL mode is "emphasizes on the tourist's patterns and motives rather than a single motive for travelling" (Williams and McNeil, 2011, p3) .TCL tourism motivation into five levels, from the lowest to the highest which are physiological needs , safety and security needs, relationship needs, self-esteem and development needs, fulfilment needs. in addition, this model also retains the Maslow's idea that in order to meet the higher levels of the ladder and achieve a lower level on the ladder ( Goeldner, Ritchie and Mclntosh, 2000). in addition, TCL also stressed motives travel experience, flexibility and variability will change with time and environment changes (Goeldner, Ritchie and Mclntosh on such motives, 2000)

結果 (英文) 2:

The Tourism Occupation Demand Ladder Model (TCL) was developed by Pearce (1988) on the basis of Maslow (1970) psychological growth demand level model (Williams and McNeil, 2011), and the TCL model is a more comprehensive psychological model of tourism demand. The mode of the TCL is "emphasizes on the tourist's pattern and motive s rather than a single for for travelling" (Williams and McNeil, 2 011,p3). TCL divides the tourism motivation into five levels, from the lowest to the highest where where are the are the expects, safety and security needs, relationship needs s, self-esteem and development needs. In addition, the model retains Maslow's idea of achieving a lower level on the ladder to meet a higher level of stairs (Goeldner, Ritchie and McLntosh, 2000). In addition, TCL emphasizes the motivation spree for the travel experience, which can vary over time and the environment (Goeldner, Ritchie and Mclntosh, 2000)

結果 (英文) 3:

Based on Maslow's (1970) hierarchical model of psychological growth needs (Williams and McNeil, 2011), TCL model is a more comprehensive psychological model of tourism needs. TCL model is "emphasizing on the tourism's patterns and motives rating than a single motive for Travel "(Williams and McNeil, 2011, P3). TCL divides tourism motivation into five levels: from the lowest to the highest which are physical needs, safety and security needs, relationship needs, self-interest and development needs, In addition, the model retains Maslow's idea that the lower level of the ladder is to meet the higher level (goeldner, Ritchie and Mclntosh, 2000). In addition, TCL also emphasizes the motivation of travel experience, and the flexibility and variability of this motivation will change with time and environment (goeldner, Ritchie and Mclntosh, 2000)