Vertical farming is the solution for urban, land-scarce cities, and countries like Singapore. But the concept of vertical farming is not new. Farmers in East Asia have been growing rice in vertical tiers(terraces) to conserve space and water. "Vertical Farming" was coined in 1915 by American geologist Gilbert Ellis Bailey. In 1950s, an attempt to integrate agriculture into the built-up environment was made in Denmark when a farmer grew cress in a factory on a mass scale. Since then, vertical farming has evolved into growing crops in a fully-controlled, indoor urban environment. In vertical farming, plants are cultivated in multi-stacks or vertically-inclined surfaces of buildings, warehouses, or greenhouses located in cities or urban areas. The plants could be cultivated in three waysx a soil-based system in which plants are potted in trays of soil and sprayed periodically with a mist of nutrients, or x an aeroponic system in which the roots of plants are sprayed periodically with a mist that provided the necessary nutrients, hydration, and oxygen for growth, or x a hydroponic system in which plants were grown without soil by dipping the roots of plants in water containing nutrients.
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