Template-based methods were initially suggested for situations where a transmission scan of the subject investigated is not available in PET [12]. The attenuation map template is constructed as an average image from a number of available transmission scans. In template-based methods utilising PET and MRI, an attenuation map template and a co-registered MR template are generated. After adapting the MR template to the patient MR image with nonlinear registration, the same nonlinear transformation can be applied to the attenuation map template to adapt it to the PET image of the patient investigated.<br><br>One such approach was presented by Rota Kops et al. [13, 14]. The average attenuation map template was generated from 68Ge-based transmission scans (HR+-PET) of 10 healthy subjects (females and males) via spatial normalisation to the standard brain of SPM2 [15]. Using the co-registered T1-weighted MR template of SPM2 for nonlinear registration with the MR image of the patient investigated, the transformation matrix obtained is applied to the attenuation map template to generate an individualised attenuation map [13]. In a second version, one of the measured image pairs is used as a reference instead of the SPM standard brain and the other data sets are nonlinearly registered to it [15]. In [14], separate female and male templates averaged over four volunteers each are generated. In the latest version, a mixed-gender template is constructed as an average of the eight subject data sets. Finally, the attenuation map of the MR head coil measured in the HR+-PET is added so that the method can be applied in the PET/MR scanner (Fig. 2).<br><br>Fig. 2
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