According to approaches to health care distribution based on the work of the late John Rawls, differences in the distribution of health care can be justified only if they benefit the least advantaged members of society and promote fair equality of opportunity. (14) Under a utilitarian rationing scheme, no patient would ever have a chance at a heart-lung transplant, since such a procedure would save one life instead of three. One might argue that such a scheme would not benefit the least advantaged members of society or promote fair equality of opportunity and would therefore be unjust.
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