IT'S AN ASTOUNDING FEAT: Every summer, three billion birds ofsome 300 species-songbirds, waterbirds, and many others-migrate from northern Africa to Europe and Asia. In the winter,they return to Africa's warmer shores. As they travel from oneplace to another, they navigate using the sun, the stars, smells,and land forms to help them find their way.Both large and small birds travel thousands of kilometers, oftenstopping at locations along the way to rest. In late fall in thenorthern hemisphere, for example, golden orioles fly fromnorthern to southern Europe, and then cross the MediterraneanSea into Africa. The birds often stop at different oases? innorthern Africa before flying almost 1,600 kilometers (over1,000 miles) across the Sahara Desert and then on to centraland southern Africa.
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